6 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.

5 National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.

7 Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.

4 Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital and Ruijin Hospital North Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.3 Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.2 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.1 National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.Contributions presenting quantitative, qualitative, or mixed research methods will be welcome. ways of communicating of different categories of individuals: children, adolescents, vulnerable people, health professionals, teachers, etc.

Topics may include (but are not limited to) the following This Research Topic aims to collect research articles (but also reviews and case reports) on the long-term effects of Covid-19. The psychological perspective should be adopted as the preferred one, but research with an inter- or multidisciplinary approach is welcome, as are cross-cultural studies. Obviously, these changes have not only affected individuals but also the groups (family, work, friendship groups, etc.) in which they are involved. Changes include both negative outcomes in terms of physical and psychological consequences and positive outcomes in terms of increased resilience. The aim of this Research Topic is to collect original articles on how the experience of COVID-19 and its related lockdowns have changed the lives of millions of people worldwide, i.e., on how the pandemic has differently impacted psychological, cognitive, emotional, behavioral, relational and communicative terms individuals, who are different for age (children, adolescents, young people, emerging adulthood, adults, elderly people), profession (health workers, teachers, students, but also other categories of workers, etc.), previous or existing diseases or frail conditions, etc. At the same time, many people demonstrated resilience, as the capacity to cope with adverse events through positive adaptation. In the same way that it is possible to use the term “long-covid” to refer to the long-term effects on the physical health of individuals who have contracted the virus, so we think it is possible to use the expression 'psychological long-covid' to indicate the long-term effects on the psychological health of individuals, not only of those who have been infected, but more generally of all those who have had to cope with social restrictions, lockdowns, distancing, remote work and learning, etc. The effects of the global pandemic on the physical and psychological health of individuals, as well as on their behavioral habits, relationships, and the way they communicate, do not seem to be only short- or medium-term, but, on the contrary, appear to be long-lasting. Covid-19 changed the lives of millions of people around the world.

New findings ways become coronavirus